Marge was raised by her parents, Jacqueline and Clancy. Transcriptomic studies of Portulaca and its close relatives suggest that the ancestral CAM pathway used both NAD-and NADP-type enzymes for CAM (Brilhaus et al., 2016 Ferrari et al., 2020bFerrari et al.,, 2020c.Marge Bouvier was born on March 19, She is the third born child of the Bouvier family. Facultative CAM, the reversible induction of CAM in response to drought stress, is assumed to be ancestral in Portulaca because it has been observed in every major subclade assayed (Holtum et al., 2017 Winter et al., 2019) as well as in Portulaca's closest relatives (Edwards and Diaz, 2006 Guralnick et al., 2007 Brilhaus et al., 2016 Holtum et al., 2018 Hancock et al., 2019 Holtum et al., 2021) ( Figure 1C). It has been hypothesized that their CAM cycle must be either spatially separated from the C 4 cycle, that is, relegated to a subpopulation of leaf cells such as water storage or bundle sheath (Guralnick et al., 2002 Sage, 2002) or alternatively, that Portulaca operate a novel two cell CAM system, whereby CAM malate is decarboxylated in the bundle sheath (Lara et al., 2003(Lara et al.,, 2004. The possibility of reconstructing large phylogenies (e.g., Zanne et al., 2014Zanne et al.,, 2018Beaulieu and O'Meara, 2018), or using multiple phylogenies that present the same pattern of interest (e.g., Simon et al., 20092023), means that a larger number of independent evolutionary transitions of the same type (e.g., multiple habitat shifts and/or multiple trait transitions) can be achieved more easily. Inferences can be dubious when derived from single events (Maddison and FitzJohn, 2015), so multiple natural replicates of the same type of event are needed to understand which patterns are rules and which are Accepted Article exceptions in plant biogeography ( Figure 1C) (e.g., replicated radiations Donoghue et al., 2022). The use of broader datasets in terms of both taxonomic and geographic scope is important because defining rules requires generalizations that work for as many lineages as possible, and quantifying generalizations is only possible when data from many plant groups are combined in a single analytical framework.
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